The related research questions address issues of belonging and exclusion, emancipation and unequal treatment, empowerment and powerlessness. A particular focus is placed on the scope for action (i.e. the degrees of agency) that were opened or closed to the people affected by these societal processes and the ascriptions attached to them.
This research group studies the fundamental processes of inclusion and exclusion in European societies during the 20th century. From political, social and gender-history perspectives, it investigates mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion across different historical constellations.
